IIP : International Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Brain Based Learning with reference to Academic Achievement, Academic Stress, Retention - Review of Related Literature
This conceptual paper includes the Review of Related Literature regarding Brain Based Learning Researches. Review of Related Literature helps researchers to place their studies within the larger context of existing research and develop a basis for interpreting their own results.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rupali Kashinath Masurkar, Dr. Neha Niteen Deo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The twenty-first century is characterized by complex and interconnected global challenges including climate change, social inequality, technological disruption, conflict, health crises, and the minimization of democratic values. Education for Sustainable Development addresses these challenges by fostering critical thinking, values, and action.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Amitkumar Shankarrao Gagare (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Innovative Education Initiatives in India: Transforming Learning for the 21st Century
Innovation in education means bringing new ideas, methods, and systems that make learning more effective, inclusive, and relevant to real life. In a rapidly changing world, education cannot remain traditional or limited to textbooks. India, as a developing nation with a rich cultural background and a growing youth population, has undertaken several innovative education initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Miss Deepali Shridhar Shinde (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALIENATION AND NEUROTICISM AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES
Research Background: Chronic diseases are long-term conditions requiring continuous management. Psychological factors such as alienation and neuroticism are commonly observed among patients. Alienation reflects social disconnection, while neuroticism involves negative emotional tendencies (Eysenck, 1967; Costa & McCrae, 1992). The study examined their relationship among chronic disease patients. Objectives: The study objective was to find out the relationship between alienation and neuroticism among patients with chronic diseases. Procedure: A purposive sampling technique has been employed for the selection of participants in the present study. The total sample has consisted of 300 patients diagnosed with chronic diseases, selected from the Satara and Solapur districts of Maharashtra. The age range of the participants has been restricted to 30 to 60 years. The study Alienation Scale developed by Hardeo Ojha and Neuroticism Scale developed by Ivan Scheier and Raymnd Cattell and Prepared by K. Kapoor and S. D. Kapoor have been used. Conclusions: It can be concluded that alienation has shown a positive and statistically significant relationship with neuroticism among chronic disease patients, indicating that patients experiencing higher levels of alienation have also exhibited higher levels of neuroticism.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
सातारा परिसरामध्ये अश्मयुगापासून मानवी वस्ती असल्याचे पुरावे मिळतात. सदर शोधनिबंधामध्ये सातारा परिसरात प्राचीन काळात आर्थिक व्यवहार कसे विकसित होत गेले याचा अभ्यास केला आहे. या काळात येथील अर्थव्यवस्था मुख्यतः कृषी, कुटीरोद्योग आणि व्यापार-वाणिज्य यांवर आधारित होती. सातवाहन काळात कराड हे महत्त्वाचे व्यापारी केंद्र म्हणून विकसित झाले होते. पुढे स्थानिक बाजारपेठा, साप्ताहिक बाजार आणि व्यापारी पेठांचा विकास झाला. सह्याद्री पर्वतरांगांमधील घाटमार्गांमुळे सातारा प्रदेशाचा कोकण, दख्खन व इतर भागांशी संपर्क सुलभ झाल्यामुळे अंतर्गत तसेच बाह्य व्यापारास चालना मिळाली. हातमाग, लोहारकाम, सुतारकाम, कुंभारकाम आणि चर्मोद्योग यासारख्या कुटीरोद्योगांनी स्थानिक अर्थव्यवस्थेला स्थैर्य दिले. या उद्योगांमुळे स्थानिक गरजा पूर्ण होत असतानाच अतिरिक्त उत्पादनाची देवाणघेवाणही होत होती. त्यामुळे सातारा शहर आणि परिसर आर्थिकदृष्ट्या स्वयंपूर्ण व गतिशील केंद्र म्हणून विकसित झाले. पुढील कालखंडातील आर्थिक विकासावरही महत्त्वपूर्ण प्रभाव पडला.
अंतोनिओ ग्राम्शीचे जीवन आणि त्याची वैचारिकता : ऐतिहासिक मूल्यमापन
अंतोनिओ ग्राम्शी (१८९१-१९३७) विसाव्या शतकातील महत्त्वाचा मार्क्सवादी विचारवंत होता. अल्प आयुष्य लाभलेल्या ग्राम्शीला आयुष्यभर प्रकृतीच्या तक्रारी राहिल्यात, त्याला शिक्षणासाठी संघर्ष करावा लागला, आर्थिक विवंचनेमुळे त्याचे पोषण भरण योग्य पद्धतीने झाले नाही. त्याच्या मोठा भावाचा कल समाजवादाकडे असल्याने त्याचा परिणाम ग्राम्शीवर झाला. तुरीन विद्यापीठातील काळ त्याच्या व्यक्तिमत्त्वाला कलाटणी देणारा ठरला. त्याने आपले शिक्षण पूर्ण न करता सक्रीय राजकारणात भाग घेतला. रशियातील साम्यवादी क्रांतीने प्रभावित झालेल्या ग्राम्शीने इटालियन कम्युनिस्ट पक्षाची स्थापना करून इटलीत क्रांतीचे स्वप्न बघितले परंतु मुसोलिनीच्या फॅसिस्ट राजवटीमुळे ते पूर्ण होऊ शकले नाही, आपल्या आयुष्याचा बराच काळ त्याला तुरुंगात घालवावा लागला. ग्राम्शीने अकादमिक व राजकीय क्षेत्रात भरीव कामगिरी केली. त्याने मांडलेली हेजिमनीची संकल्पना महत्त्वाची ठरली व त्याचा प्रभाव राज्यशास्त्र, समाजशास्त्र, इतिहास आणि सांस्कृतिक अभ्यासावर झाला.
HEALTH IS WEALTH FITNESS FOR ALL GENRATION
Physical fitness is not only the important key to a healthy body, but also is a basic of dynamic and creative activity. Fitness is active not passive, it is because from birth to death individual is an active organism. One point of consensus is that physical fitness is a desirable quality which cannot be neglected. Physical fitness is the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness without undue fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure time, pursuit and to meet unusual situation and unforeseen emergencies. In the context of physical fitness, exercise refers to any activity involving a fairly high degree of physical movement that makes one breathless and sweaty if it is done vigorously. During physical exercise one has to breathe more deeply to get more oxygen into the lungs and the heart must beat harder and faster to pump blood to the muscles. The physical benefits of exercise are unarguable but there are physiological benefits also many people have sound sleep this can be experienced after exercise, walk up more refreshed, more alert and before able to concentrate than when they are unfit. Exercise make one feel live longer.
From Classroom to Playground: Enhancing Student Engagement in Physical Education and Competitive Sports
Physical Education has long been positioned as an essential component of holistic schooling, yet student engagement within this domain remains uneven and deeply influenced by pedagogical, psychological, and socio-cultural dynamics. The present paper offers a purely theoretical and conceptual examination of how engagement in Physical Education and competitive sports can be understood through contemporary motivational and educational theories. Rather than relying on empirical segmentation, this study develops a broad explanatory framework grounded in engagement theory, motivational psychology, and socio-constructivist perspectives. It argues that engagement in Physical Education is not merely a function of physical participation but an outcome of autonomy-supportive teaching, inclusive competitive structures, peer-mediated environments, and culturally responsive curriculum design. The paper advances a conceptual model that integrates teaching practices, student characteristics, competitive structures, and social climate into a unified engagement framework. The discussion emphasizes the transformative potential of Physical Education when pedagogical design moves beyond drill-based instruction and embraces student-centered, psychologically safe, and developmentally sensitive approaches.
Role of Physical Education in Enhancing Student Engagement and Holistic Development
Physical Education is an essential component of education that contributes significantly to student engagement and holistic development. In the present educational scenario, student disengagement, sedentary lifestyles, and academic stress have become major challenges. This paper aims to examine the role of Physical Education in enhancing student engagement and fostering physical, mental, social, and moral development. The study is based on secondary data such as books, research articles, policy documents, and educational reports. The findings indicate that Physical Education promotes active participation, motivation, teamwork, discipline, and emotional well-being among students. The paper concludes that integrating Physical Education effectively into the curriculum is crucial for achieving the goals of holistic education as emphasized by UGC, NAAC, and NEP 2020.
A Comparative Study of Emotional Intelligence between Female Athletes and Female Non-Athletes
The purpose of the present study was to compare the level of Emotional Intelligence (EI) between female athletes and female non-athletes. A total of 500 participants were selected using a random sampling technique, comprising 250 female athletes and 250 female non-athletes, aged between 18–25 years. Emotional Intelligence was assessed using a Dr. S.K. Mangal and Mrs. Shubhra Mangal, standardized Emotional Intelligence Scale. Descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-test) were employed to analyze the data. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in Emotional Intelligence between female athletes and non-athletes, with athletes demonstrating higher EI levels. The findings suggest that participation in sports may positively influence emotional competencies such as self-awareness, emotional regulation, motivation, and interpersonal skills.
Impact of Yogic Exercise on Psychological Performance Among Handball Players
The present study was conducted to assess the impact of 12 weeks of yogic training on certain physiological variables among male handball players. Sixty 16-19 years old players were assigned randomly into half to the yoga training and non-yoga control group. Resting heart rate, post-exercise heart rate recovery, blood lactate and blood glucose concentrations were determined pre- and post-intervention by use of a complex test specific to handball. Results demonstrated significant improvements in the yoga group: the yoga group showed reduced resting heart rate, increased heart rate recovery, facilitated lactate clearance, and enhanced blood glucose control. These results indicate that yogic training improves cardiovascular performance, metabolic recovery and may serve as a effective complementary training techniques among handball players.
Comparative Study of Body Composition of Medallist and Non-Medallist Swimmers from Pune City
This research aimed to compare the anthropometric characteristics of male swimmers aged 16 to 21 years in Pune city, differentiating between medallist’s and non-medallists, and to examine their relationship with sports performance. Anthropometry is considered a significant factor influencing sports performance, especially in sports like swimming that involve the entire body. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 24 swimmers (12 medallist’s, 12 non-medallist’s) for the study. Factors such as weight, height, BMI, basal metabolic rate, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass were measured and statistically analysed. According to the results of descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in weight, height, BMI, and BMR (p > 0.05). However, body fat percentage was the only factor that showed a highly significant difference between the medallist and non-medallist groups (p = 0.000). Medallist swimmers were found to have significantly lower body fat percentage, although the difference in fat-free mass was minor and not statistically significant. Overall, this study concluded that general anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, or BMI are not the primary determinants of success in swimming, but rather body fat percentage is the characteristic that most significantly impacts competitive performance. Therefore, coaches and athletes should place special emphasis on managing body fat percentage and scientifically improving the body composition of athletes in their training plans.
Yoga and Human Health: A Historical Perspective
Yoga is an ancient Indian discipline that has played a significant role in shaping the concept of holistic human health for thousands of years. Originating as a spiritual practice aimed at self-realisation, yoga gradually evolved into a comprehensive system promoting physical, mental, and emotional well-being. This research paper examines yoga from a historical perspective, tracing its development from the Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic traditions through the Upanishadic and classical periods to its modern scientific acceptance. Classical yogic texts such as the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali and Hatha Yoga Pradipika provide systematic frameworks integrating ethical discipline, physical postures, breath regulation, and meditation. In the modern era, yoga has gained global recognition as a preventive and therapeutic health practice, supported by scientific research and institutional studies. Using a qualitative historical research methodology based on secondary sources, this paper analyses the continuity, transformation, and relevance of yoga in promoting human health. The study concludes that yoga’s holistic approach, rooted in ancient wisdom, remains highly relevant for addressing contemporary health challenges and promoting sustainable well-being.
A Comparative Study of Morning and Their Impact on Physical and Mental Health
Exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining physical fitness, mental well-being, and overall quality of life. However, the effectiveness of exercise is influenced not only by its type, intensity, and duration but also by the time of day at which it is performed. The present research paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of morning and evening exercise with respect to their physiological, psychological, and performance-related benefits. The study is based on analytical and descriptive research methods using established concepts of exercise physiology, circadian rhythm regulation, and systematic practical observations. The findings reveal that morning exercise is more beneficial for metabolic regulation, fat utilization, mental clarity, emotional stability, and lifestyle discipline, whereas evening exercise enhances muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, neuromuscular coordination, and sports performance. The study concludes that both morning and evening exercise have distinct advantages, and the choice of exercise timing should depend on individual goals, lifestyle patterns, biological rhythm, and physical condition rather than a universal prescription.
Need of Artificial Intelligence for Sports Training in Research Field
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most revolutionary tools in the modern era of sports sciences. It helps in enhancing training techniques, monitoring athlete performance, predicting outcomes, and personalizing workout plans. The integration of AI in sports research has transformed the methods of performance analysis, injury prevention, and psychological evaluation. This paper focuses on the need and importance of AI in the field of sports training and research, highlighting its role in improving efficiency, accuracy, and scientific understanding in physical education and sports sciences.
Integrating Indigenous Games, Yoga, and Traditional Sports into Modern Education: A Pathway to Holistic Development
This paper explores the integration of Indigenous games, yoga, and traditional sports into contemporary educational frameworks as a means of promoting holistic development, cultural preservation, and inclusive pedagogy. Moving beyond the dominant Western models of physical education, this approach emphasizes the cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of learning. Through a review of scholarly literature, case studies, and pedagogical analysis, this research argues that these traditional practices offer unique benefits for students' physical health, cultural identity, mental well-being, and community cohesion. The paper also addresses implementation challenges and proposes a model for the effective integration of relevant content into school curricula worldwide.
Assessment Criteria of Fundamental Movement Skills for Primary School Children: A Systematic Review
This qualitative study investigated the motor skill proficiency of 87 boys from the SSPM Primary Day School in running, jumping, and hopping. The study utilized purposive sampling, selecting two specific classes to serve as the sample, with the researcher employing a descriptive approach to analyse the participants' performance. A four-point rubric with distinct performance criteria for each motor skill was used to assess the technique, and the results were interpreted using A, B, and C grading systems. The assessment revealed a varied distribution of motor-skill proficiency across the three tasks. While most boys demonstrated competent performance, achieving a Grade B in running (68.97%) and hopping (66.67%), their performance in jumping was notably superior. Over half of the participants (56.32%) received a Grade A their jumping form, indicating a strong command of that specific skill. Conversely, the smaller percentages of Grade A recipients for running (12.64%) and hopping (29.89%) suggest areas where the technique could be further refined. The distribution highlights a strong foundation of general motor skills within the group, with a particular strength in jumping and opportunities for targeted development in running and in hopping.
Effect of SAQ Drills on Speed and Agility of Beginner Volleyball Players
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) drills on speed and agility among beginner volleyball players. Thirty (N = 30) beginner male volleyball players aged between 18 and 22 years were selected randomly from local volleyball training centers. The subjects were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 15), which underwent SAQ drill training, and a control group (n = 15), which followed their regular volleyball training without SAQ drills. The training program was conducted for a period of six weeks, with five sessions per week. Speed was assessed using the 50-meter sprint test, and agility was measured using the Illinois Agility Test. Pre-test and post-test data were statistically analysed using the paired t-test at a 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed a significant improvement in both speed and agility in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings of the study conclude that SAQ drills are effective in enhancing speed and agility among beginner volleyball players
Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Explosive Strength among College Athletes
Explosive strength is a crucial physical fitness component required for optimal performance in many sports. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has gained popularity as an effective training method for improving muscular power and neuromuscular efficiency within a short duration. The present study aimed to examine the impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on explosive strength among college athletes. Thirty male college athletes aged 18–22 years were selected using random sampling. A single-group pre-test and post-test experimental design was adopted. Explosive strength was assessed using a standardized Vertical Jump Test. The participants underwent a structured HIIT programme for eight weeks. Mean, standard deviation, and paired‘t’ test were used for statistical analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in explosive strength following the HIIT intervention. The study concludes that HIIT is an effective training method for enhancing explosive strength among college athletes.
Inclusive Physical Education: Gender, Disability, and Equity
Inclusive Physical Education (IPE) highlights equal forecasts for participation in physical activity for all students, regardless of gender, disability, or socio-cultural background. In recent years, global educational charters have painted the importance of equity and inclusion in physical education to endorse holistic improvement, social justice, and lifelong health. This paper critically examines inclusive physical education with specific reference to gender equity, disability inclusion, and broader equity concerns. The study highlights the role of policy frameworks, teacher preparedness, adaptive curriculum design, and supportive learning environments in achieving inclusive physical education. It concludes that systematic implementation of inclusive strategies can significantly enhance participation, self-esteem, and well-being among diverse student populations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN ATHLETICS
Research Background: Participation in athletics is essential for students’ overall development, encompassing physical fitness, mental well-being, social skills, and academic performance. However, many students show low or inconsistent engagement in sports, often due to psychological factors. Motivation, self-confidence, resilience, and social support are key determinants of participation. Psychological strategies such as goal setting, mental skills training, and creating a supportive environment can enhance students’ willingness and sustained involvement in athletics. Understanding these factors allows educators and coaches to design interventions that promote active engagement and long-term sports participation. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the psychological factors influencing students’ participation in athletics. Another objective was to examine how motivation affects students’ interest in sports. Further, the study sought to explore the role of self-confidence and self-belief in athletic engagement. Finally, the study aimed to explain how psychological strategies can be used to enhance students’ participation in athletics. Procedure: The study was based on a theoretical and secondary data research design. Existing literature, theoretical models such as motivation theory, self-efficacy theory, and Self-Determination Theory were reviewed to understand the effects of psychological factors on student participation. Variables such as motivation, self-confidence, resilience, social support, and psychological strategies were analysed. The research also assessed interventions like goal setting, mental skills training, and positive reinforcement that influence students’ interest, engagement, and consistency in athletics. Conclusions: It can be concluded that psychological factors including motivation, self-confidence, emotions, and social support significantly affect students’ participation in athletics. Students with higher intrinsic motivation, strong self-belief, and positive social support are more likely to engage actively in sports. Applying psychological strategies such as goal setting, mental skills training, and supportive coaching can effectively enhance students’ interest, persistence, and enjoyment in athletics. Creating a positive, motivating environment is crucial for promoting sustained participation.
Role of Physical Education in Enhancing Emotional Intelligence among School Boys
Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a significant psychological factor influencing students’ academic achievement, behavior, and social adjustment. Physical Education (PE) offers experiential learning opportunities that foster emotional regulation, cooperation, empathy, and leadership. The present study aimed to examine the role of Physical Education in enhancing Emotional Intelligence among school boys. Thirty (N = 30) secondary school boys aged 13–16 years were selected using random sampling. The study adopted a single-group pre-test and post-test experimental design. Emotional Intelligence was assessed using a standardized Emotional Intelligence questionnaire. The participants underwent a structured Physical Education program for twelve weeks. Mean, standard deviation, and paired‘t’ test were used for statistical analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in Emotional Intelligence scores after participation in Physical Education. The findings indicate that Physical Education plays a vital role in enhancing Emotional Intelligence among school boys.
आंतरराष्ट्रीय दृष्टिकोन: शारीरिक शिक्षणावरील युनेस्को (UNESCO), जागतिक आरोग्य संघटना (WHO) आणि आंतरराष्ट्रीय ऑलिम्पिक समिती (IOC) यांची मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वे - एक सखोल संशोधन अहवाल
मानवी जीवनाच्या सर्वांगीण विकासामध्ये शारीरिक शिक्षणाचे स्थान अनन्यसाधारण आहे. २१ व्या शतकातील बदलती जीवनशैली, वाढते शहरीकरण आणि तंत्रज्ञानाचा वाढता वापर यांमुळे शारीरिक निष्क्रियतेचे प्रमाण जागतिक स्तरावर चिंतेचा विषय ठरले आहे. शारीरिक निष्क्रियता ही केवळ आरोग्याशी संबंधित समस्या नसून ती सामाजिक, आर्थिक आणि शैक्षणिक प्रगतीमधील एक मोठा अडथळा बनली आहे. या जागतिक संकटावर मात करण्यासाठी संयुक्त राष्ट्रांच्या विविध संस्थांनी आणि क्रीडा क्षेत्रामधील जागतिक शिखर संस्थांनी आपापल्या कार्यक्षेत्रातून मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वे आणि धोरणात्मक आराखडे मांडले आहेत. प्रामुख्याने युनेस्को (UNESCO), जागतिक आरोग्य संघटना (WHO) आणि आंतरराष्ट्रीय ऑलिम्पिक समिती (IOC) या तीन संस्थांनी शारीरिक शिक्षणाचे महत्त्व अधोरेखित करताना त्याकडे पाहण्याचा एक नवा दृष्टिकोन दिला आहे.
Relationship of Body Composition and Job Satisfaction among Government Employees of Satara District
The present study examined the relationship between body composition and job satisfaction among government employees in Satara District. Standardized measurements of body composition, including body fat percentage and BMI, along with the Asha Hinger Job Satisfaction Scale, were used to collect data from a sample of 200 government employees. Appropriate statistical techniques such as correlation and regression analyses were applied to analyze the data. The results revealed a significant negative correlation between BMI/body fat percentage and overall job satisfaction (p < 0.05), indicating that employees with higher body fat levels tended to report lower job satisfaction. These findings suggest that maintaining a healthier body composition may positively influence psychological well-being and work-related attitudes. The study highlights the importance of implementing workplace health promotion and fitness programs to enhance employee health, productivity, and overall job satisfaction.
Improvement of Posture and Flexibility through Yoga among Teachers: A Wellness-Based Study
Teaching professionals often experience postural imbalance and reduced flexibility due to prolonged standing, sitting, and occupational stress. Yoga has emerged as a holistic, non-invasive approach to enhance physical wellness. This study examines the impact of regular yoga practice on posture and flexibility among teachers. The findings indicate notable improvements in spinal alignment, flexibility, and physical comfort, supporting yoga-based wellness initiatives in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
From Vedic Roots to Global Practice: A Holistic Study of the Evolution of Yoga
Yoga, an ancient practice with roots in Indian philosophy, has evolved significantly over millennia. It has been practiced for centuries, with a focus on spirituality and mental, bodily, and social well-being. The practice has been influenced by various traditions, including the Buddhist, Jain, Vedic, Upanishad, and Indus Valley Civilisation. The science behind yoga predates the formation of the earliest religions or belief systems. This paper explores yoga's historical origins, philosophical foundations, and its transformation into a global phenomenon. It also examines contemporary trends, scientific perspectives, and the impact of modern adaptations on traditional practices. Recent research indicates that yoga is growing in popularity as a therapeutic approach to addressing physical and mental health issues. Yoga teaching and practices are influenced by various clinics, treatment centers, wellness centers, medical institutions, and therapeutic settings. People practice yoga to maintain their health and lifestyle.
Physical Education under India’s National Education Policy 2020: Scope, Challenges, and Prospects for Holistic Development
India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 promotes comprehensive, inclusive, and transdisciplinary learning in an effort to revolutionize the nation's educational system. This paradigm acknowledges physical education (PE) as an essential part of students' overall growth. The combination of yoga, meditation, athletics, and leisure activities is emphasized in the policy as crucial components of health and fitness. In order to improve physical education, it also pushes educational institutions to upgrade their sports facilities, hire teachers with professional training, and implement technology-enabled fitness solutions. Despite its progressive outlook, there are a number of obstacles to NEP 2020's successful implementation in the field of physical education. These include poor facilities, a lack of trained teachers, differences between schools, and societal attitudes that frequently place more emphasis on academic success than physical activity. In addition, it is still difficult to standardize PE programs across various school contexts. The policy suggests systematic teacher training programs, mandatory physical education periods, increased community and government involvement, and the use of digital technologies to increase accessibility and student engagement as ways to overcome these obstacles. By creating a well-rounded and student-centered instructional approach, NEP 2020 has the potential to completely transform physical education in India. The strategy can promote lifetime fitness habits and help create a generation that is healthier and more physically active with coordinated implementation and cooperative efforts among stakeholders. In order to demonstrate its revolutionary potential and its role in promoting the holistic development of India's future generations, this article examines the physical education framework of NEP 2020. Focused attention on socioeconomic justice, infrastructural development, teacher capacity building, and significant technology integration are necessary to achieve the policy's goals. In the end, physical education has the potential to become a way of life in India, improving students' mental, emotional, and physical health.
खेलो इंडिया स्पर्धा आणि क्रीडा क्षेत्रातील लोक सहभाग
भारत सरकारने सुरू केलेला खेलो इंडिया उपक्रम हा देशातील क्रीडा संस्कृती बळकट करण्यासाठी एक महत्त्वपूर्ण पाऊल ठरला आहे. या कार्यक्रमाचा मुख्य उद्देश तळागाळातील प्रतिभावान खेळाडूंना ओळख देणे, क्रीडा पायाभूत सुविधा विकसित करणे आणि सर्वसामान्य लोकांमध्ये क्रीडेमधील सहभाग वाढवणे हा आहे. प्रस्तुत संशोधन पेपरमध्ये खेलो इंडिया स्पर्धांचा क्रीडेमधील लोकसहभागावर झालेला परिणाम, शालेय‑महाविद्यालयीन स्तरावरील सहभाग, ग्रामीण‑शहरी क्रीडा विकास आणि सामाजिक आरोग्यावर होणारा प्रभाव यांचा अभ्यास करण्यात आला आहे.
Digital Innovation in Sports Education: Role of AI in Achieving NEP 2020 Objectives
The integration of digital technologies in education has transformed traditional teaching-learning processes across disciplines, including sports education. The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) emphasizes multidisciplinary learning, skill development, technological integration, and holistic student growth. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool capable of enhancing sports pedagogy through data analytics, personalized training, injury prediction, performance monitoring, and virtual coaching. This paper explores the potential of AI-driven innovations in sports education and examines how such technologies can contribute to achieving the objectives of NEP 2020. Using a qualitative-descriptive research approach supported by policy analysis and secondary data review, the study highlights opportunities, challenges, and implementation strategies for AI in sports education. The findings suggest that AI-based tools can promote inclusivity, improve skill acquisition, enable competency-based evaluation, and foster lifelong learning in alignment with NEP 2020 goals. However, infrastructural limitations, teacher training gaps, and ethical concerns must be addressed for effective integration. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, educators, and institutions to adopt responsible and sustainable digital innovation in sports education.
Teacher Education and Professional Development in Physical Education
Teacher education and professional development in physical education are foundational to ensuring quality instructional delivery, promoting lifelong physical activity, and fostering holistic child development. In the context of increasing global emphasis on teacher quality, including in India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, there is a pressing need to understand the current state, challenges, and opportunities of physical education teacher training and ongoing professional learning. This paper investigates pre-service and in-service training frameworks, recent research trends, perceived competencies, challenges faced by physical education teachers, and effective professional development models. It employs a comprehensive review of global and Indian research, highlighting the role of systematic teacher preparation, continuous professional learning, and institutional support structures. Findings reveal significant gaps in standardized teacher education, inconsistent professional development practices, and the need for contextualized, sustained, and research-driven capacity building. The paper concludes with policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen teacher education systems and professional development frameworks in physical education.