GREEN ECONOMICS AS A CATALYST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: AN INDIAN ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Environmental sustainability has become a central concern for policymakers and economists across the globe, particularly in rapidly developing economies such as India. Traditional economic growth models have often prioritized industrial expansion and consumption without adequately accounting for environmental degradation and resource depletion. As a result, India faces serious environmental challenges including air and water pollution, climate change vulnerability, biodiversity loss, and waste management crises. In this context, green economics has emerged as a transformative framework that integrates environmental sustainability with economic growth and social equity. This research paper examines green economics as a catalyst for environmental sustainability in the Indian economy. Using secondary data from government reports, policy documents, and existing literature, the study analyzes India’s environmental challenges, evaluates major green economic initiatives, and assesses their contribution to sustainable development. The findings reveal that green economics has significantly influenced India’s development trajectory through renewable energy expansion, sustainable agriculture, green finance, and circular economy practices. However, challenges related to financing, institutional capacity, and regional disparities persist. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen green economic strategies and promote long-term environmental sustainability in India.