THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE PEASANTS AND WORKERS PARTY: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION

Abstract

The Peasants and Workers Party has been pivotal in shaping the socio-economic landscape of Maharashtra, both before and after India's independence. Founded in 1943, it arose as a response to the oppressive zamindari system, moneylender exploitation, and colonial agricultural policies that left farmers indebted and insecure. Influenced by Marxism, socialism, and Ambedkarite principles, the party aimed to combat the economic, social, and political exploitation faced by farmers and workers, advocating for land reforms, minimum wages, and debt relief while emphasizing grassroots movements over electoral politics. In the post-independence context, the SKP positioned itself as a significant opposition to the Congress Party, representing the interests of farmers, agricultural laborers, and tribal communities, particularly in regions such as Konkan, Western Maharashtra, and Marathwada. It sought to democratize the cooperative movement but faced challenges due to political interference. However, the SKP’s effectiveness diminished over time due to organizational fragmentation, leadership challenges, and an inability to adapt its policies to evolving agrarian issues, especially following liberalization. Despite these limitations, the SKP's role in raising political consciousness and democratic values among rural communities is noteworthy. In light of ongoing issues like farmer suicides and market instability, there is a pressing need to revisit and revitalize the party’s foundational ideals for the future of rural politics in India. The SKP's emergence is thus integral to understanding the historical struggle for social justice among farmers and workers in Maharashtra.