75 Years of the Indian Constitution: Evolution, Achievements and Challenges

Authors

  • Mr. Mohan Ganpati Hajare Author

Keywords:

INDIAN CONSTITUTION Challenges

Abstract

The Indian Constitution, which went into effect on January 26, 1950, is still considered one of the world's most complete constitutional frameworks. Over the last 75 years, it has led India through political transitions, economic reforms, social transformation, and institutional consolidations. This study critically examines the historical backdrop of its formulation, the evolution of constitutional principles through amendments and judicial interpretation, and the role of federalism, rights discourse, and governance structures in shaping modern India. This study provides insights into the strengths of India's constitutional system as well as avenues for future reforms targeted at strengthening democratic governance by examining accomplishments and persistent issues.

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Author Biography

  • Mr. Mohan Ganpati Hajare

    Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Political Science, Shrimant Babasaheb Deshmukh Mahavidyalaya, Atpadi, Dist.- Sangli (Maharashtra)

References

The Constitution of India (as amended up to 2025). Government of India. Austin G. The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford University Press; 1966. Austin G. Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience. Oxford University Press; 1999. Seervai HM. Constitutional Law of India. 4th ed. N. M. Tripathi; 1991. Chandra B. India Since Independence. Penguin Books; 2008. Supreme Court of India. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, AIR 1973 SC 1461. Supreme Court of India. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597. Supreme Court of India. S. R. Bommai v. Union of India, AIR 1994 SC 1918. Supreme Court of India. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1. Supreme Court of India. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India, (2018) 10 SCC 1. Election Commission of India. Statistical Report on General Elections 1951–2019. ECI; 2020. Ministry of Panchayati Raj. Twenty Years of 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendments (1992–2012). Government of India; 2012. Ministry of Education. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. Government of India. Government of India. Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act, 2016. Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Green Revolution: India–Pakistan.” (2025 edition).

Published

2025-12-20

How to Cite

75 Years of the Indian Constitution: Evolution, Achievements and Challenges. (2025). IIP: World Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(Issue - IV (October-December), 234-239. https://iipublications.com/iipwjhss/article/view/1143

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