Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Solapur District and Sustainable Adaptation Strategies

Abstract

Agriculture remains the backbone of rural livelihoods in semi-arid regions like Solapur District, Maharashtra, where climatic variability has intensified over recent decades. Rising temperatures, erratic and declining rainfall, frequent droughts, and groundwater depletion have adversely affected crop productivity, livestock rearing, and farmers’ income security. This study examines the impact of climate change on agricultural systems in Solapur District and explores sustainable adaptation strategies that can ensure long-term resilience. The paper highlights how shifts in the monsoon cycle, extended dry spells, and extreme weather events have contributed to reduced yields of staple crops such as jowar, bajra, sugarcane, and pulses. Through a geographical analysis supported by climate and agricultural data (1991–2021), the research investigates patterns of water scarcity, soil degradation, and increasing vulnerability of small and marginal farmers. The role of adaptation practices such as drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting, crop diversification, agroforestry, and adoption of climate-smart seeds is critically evaluated.

Furthermore, the paper discusses government policies, agricultural innovations, and farmer-led initiatives that promote sustainable practices. Special emphasis is given to integrated farming systems, organic farming, and precision agriculture as tools for enhancing food security and nutritional diversity in the district. The findings underline the importance of local knowledge, agri-entrepreneurship, and youth engagement in transforming Solapur’s agriculture towards sustainability.