Impact of Chemical Fertilizers on Agricultural Productivity in Satara District, Maharashtra

Abstract

 Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy of Satara district, Maharashtra, where diverse cropping patterns and favorable agro-climatic conditions support a variety of agricultural activities. Over recent decades, the use of chemical fertilizers has significantly boosted crop productivity and contributed to food security. However, their excessive and imbalanced application has raised concerns about soil health, environmental sustainability, and long-term farm profitability. This study analyzes the impact of chemical fertilizers on agricultural productivity in Satara district by examining trends in fertilizer consumption, crop yield responses, economic returns, and environmental implications. Based on both primary and secondary data, the research involved field surveys with 120 farmers across six major talukas—Karad, Satara, Wai, Koregaon, Phaltan, and Khatav—using stratified random sampling, while secondary data were sourced from government agencies such as the District Agriculture Office and KrishiVigyan Kendra (KVK). Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression techniques to assess fertilizer use and its effects. Findings reveal that sugarcane is the largest consumer of fertilizers (46%), followed by paddy and vegetables. Fertilizer application significantly increased yields, with sugarcane showing a 52.9% rise and paddy 47.6%, leading to high profitability for sugarcane and vegetable farmers, though returns were lower for soybean. Environmental assessments indicated declining soil health, with low organic carbon and rising alkalinity caused by excessive nitrogen use. The study concludes that while fertilizers are vital for productivity, unscientific and unbalanced practices threaten sustainability, and recommends integrated nutrient management (INM), soil testing, farmer education, and policy reforms to promote sustainable agricultural development in the district.