GREEN EXTENSION FOR PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE FARMING IN INDIA
Keywords:
Agricultural Extension, Agricultural Sustainability, India, ATMA, Knowledge Transfer, Climate-Smart Agriculture, Farmer Information Needs, Rural DevelopmentAbstract
Agricultural extension agencies are the vital link between agricultural research and the farming community, playing a crucial role in promoting sustainable agricultural practices in India. This paper examines the structure, functions, challenges, and impact of various public and private extension models on the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of agricultural sustainability. Utilizing a secondary data-driven approach, the study finds that while extension services have historically been pivotal (e.g., during the Green Revolution), they currently face critical challenges, including inadequate reach, a digital divide, and a top-down information flow. The transition towards pluralistic, demand-driven, and technology-enabled extension, such as through the Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) and ICT-based services, is a positive step. However, a significant gap remains between potential and actual farm yields, suggesting a major deficiency in information dissemination and adoption. The paper concludes with policy suggestions emphasizing enhanced resource allocation, convergence of services, capacity building for climate-smart agriculture, and a focus on small and marginal farmers to ensure holistic and sustainable agricultural development.
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